The number of 2 minute intervals coded for each variable related to sexual minorities was summed across the intervals in an episode to gauge the frequency with which same sex sexual behavior and talk about nonheterosexual sexual issues occurred within each program episode for purposes of reliability assessment. This summing lead to converting nominal data (i.e., presence/absence) during the 2 minute interval degree into regularity counts in the system degree (wide range of intervals for which sex that is same behavior took place the episode). Consequently, the dependability analyses utilized the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). The ICC is an evaluation regarding the percentage of variance into the measures owing to coder agreement corrected for opportunity. For period information including the regularity matters used right right right here, the ICC is the same as Krippendorf’s alpha (Krippendorf, 1980).
An ICC of .70 was utilized due to the fact criterion for acceptable reliability. Both things utilized to measure the presence of nonheterosexual themes considerably surpassed this criterion. The ICC for exact exact same intercourse behavior that is sexual .97 in year 1 and .99 in 12 months 2. The ICC for speak about nonheterosexual intimate problems had been .89 in 12 months 1 and .95 in 12 months 2.
Information Analyses
To resolve initial group of research questions about the prevalence of nonheterosexual product on tv, we utilized episode degree information ( e.g., percentages of episodes containing exact same intercourse intimate behavior and containing explore sex pertaining to nonheterosexuals) and chi square analyses to look at between team distinctions by using these nominal information. For the 2nd group of research concerns, we utilized just those implies that included nonheterosexual intimate content and evaluated their regularity across 2 moment periods ( ag e.g., amount of periods each hour of system time with nonheterosexual intimate talk). http://www.chaturbatewebcams.com/ebony/ Of these analyses, we used t tests or analysis of variance (ANOVA) to check team differences. Significant omnibus F tests had been followed up with post hoc comparisons using Tamhane’s T2 test, which will not assume equal cellular size or equal variance, to recognize significant distinctions across teams.
Results.Prevalence of Nonheterosexual Sexual Content
About one in six programs inside our examples included any sexual content (behavior or talk) associated with nonheterosexuals. The increase that is slight nonheterosexual intimate content through the 2001 2002 season (14.5%) towards the 2002 2003 period (17.4%) ended up being significant, П‡ 2 (1, N = 2715) = 4.15, p dining Table 1 shows the percentage of suggests that contained any exact same intercourse intimate behavior and any intimate talk linked to nonheterosexuals by program genres, by variety of community, and also by time of day aired. For community kind, the 11 stations had been categorized into certainly one of three groups: commercial broadcast (including the 3 major companies ABC, CBS, and NBC along with Fox, UPN, and WB), cable music activity (which included BET and MTV), and premium cable movie (including Cinemax, HBO, and Showtime). With regards to time of time broadcast, shows airing between 3:00 and 8:00 p.m. had been categorized as late afternoon/early night and those shown between 8:00 and 11:00 p.m. were classified as prime time.
Note: Within variety of community and period of day aired, percentages within the exact same line that don’t share subscripts vary at p dining dining Table 1 ). Generally in most situations, there was clearly a higher level of communication from a genre’s general positioning for exact exact same intercourse sexual behavior and speak about nonheterosexual sexual problems. Also, genres’ standings on these two variables had been fairly stable over the two tv seasons.
Three genres were regularly reduced in both types of nonheterosexual sexual content: Children’s cartoons (none of which contained sexual behavior or intimate talk pertaining to nonheterosexuals in either 12 months), news publications (0% for behavior and talk in 12 months 1; 3.2% and 6.5%, correspondingly, for behavior and talk in 12 months 2), and talk shows (0 and 3.0percent, respectively, for behavior and talk in year 1; 2.2 and 8.9percent, correspondingly, for behavior and talk for 12 months 2). 3 Genres that tended to possess the best proportions of programs with nonheterosexual content had been variety/comedy and film that is feature. Created for TV films and programs classified as “other” additionally had fairly high proportions with nonheterosexual intimate content; nevertheless, both these groups included just a small amount of programs (n = 7), rendering it hard to draw conclusions about them. Therefore, although we consist of these latter two genres within the tables, we don’t emphasize the findings connected with them.